This review focuses on the progress of copper-based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment via AOPs, with a brief discussion on the mechanisms involved. Additionally, the challenges faced during wastewater treatment processes using oxidation, electrochemical, Fenton, and photocatalysis are elaborately discussed.

Abstract

To address global pollution caused by contaminants in water bodies, it is crucial to develop an efficient and environmentally friendly treatment process for wastewater from various industries. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have proven to be highly effective in wastewater treatment due to their high oxidation efficacy and the absence of secondary pollutants. Different methods such as ozone, Fenton, electrochemical, photolysis, and sonolysis can be used in AOPs to degrade emerging pollutants that are resistant to conventional methods.

In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable solution, with various nanomaterials being developed for wastewater treatment. Among them, copper-based nanocatalysts have shown great potential in AOPs. This review focuses on the progress and mechanisms of copper-based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment via AOPs. It also discusses the challenges associated with oxidation, electrochemistry, Fenton, and photocatalysis in wastewater treatment processes.

Copper-based nanocatalysts can be modified to enhance their catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability, leading to improved performance in wastewater treatment. They have shown promising results in degrading pollutants like pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and dyes. However, the practical application of these nanocatalysts still faces challenges, including the high cost of synthesis, potential nanoparticle toxicity, and scalability issues. More research is needed to address these challenges and improve the utilization of copper-based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment.

In addition, Cu-based catalysts with magnetic properties offer the advantage of easy recovery and reusability in wastewater treatment. They can also be incorporated into catalytic membranes, forming efficient systems for recycling. Heterogeneous catalysts with diverse structures, including ternary or quaternary systems, are widely used. However, challenges remain in identifying suitable coupling pairs and understanding the complex processes involved in constructing heterogeneous interfaces without generating defects. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the catalyst‘s band structure is crucial for developing efficient heterogeneous structures.

Furthermore, cost implications of synthesis methods and raw materials should be considered in the preparation of transition metal catalysts, and relevant cost analysis data is needed for optimizing the degradation of pollutants.

In conclusion, copper-based nanocatalysts hold great potential in AOPs for wastewater treatment. With their magnetic properties, Cu-based catalysts offer the advantage of easy recovery and reusability. However, challenges such as high synthesis costs, nanoparticle toxicity, and scalability issues need to be addressed. Further research is needed to overcome these challenges and optimize the utilization of copper-based nanocatalysts in wastewater treatment processes.