Fossil fuel combustion poses environmental challenges, while new energy vehicles reduce fuel consumption and promote sustainability. However, rising lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) underscores the need for efficient recycling. This review explores LIBs cathode degradation mechanisms, traditional and emerging recycling technologies, and future prospects, aiming to drive the industrial-scale advancement of sustainable battery recycling.

Fossil fuels have been instrumental in propelling the rapid advancement of human civilization. However, the carbon emissions resulting from their combustion have given rise to environmental challenges. The notable increase in the sales of new energy vehicles has positively contributed to lowering fuel consumption and aligning with national objectives for green and sustainable development. Nevertheless, the growing number of new energy vehicles presents challenges for the handling and recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Improper handling can result in environmental pollution. Scholars worldwide are actively exploring effective eco-friendly management solutions for managing discarded LIBs, with a particular concern about recycling metal materials. This review thoroughly examines the failure mechanisms of LIBs cathode materials and traditional recycling methods, assesses one-step recovery and regeneration technologies, and explores the challenges, technologies, and future prospects of key material recycling in the next generation of batteries. The comprehensive insights provided in this review aim to contribute to the industrialization and scaling up of future power battery recycling technologies.