A purely synthetic supramolecular chemistry approach enables the protection of the spin-based qubit [Cr(ox)₃]³⁻ from external sources of decoherence in the solid state, leading to the enhancement of the phase memory and the spin lattice relaxation time, thus validating this chemical engineering strategy for qubit implementation.

Abstract

Spins within molecules benefit from the atomistic control of synthetic chemistry for the realization of qubits. One advantage is that the quantum superpositions of the spin states encoding the qubit can be coherently manipulated using electromagnetic radiation. The main challenge is the fragility of these superpositions when qubits are to partake of solid-state devices. We address this issue with a supramolecular approach for protecting molecular spin qubits against decoherence. The molecular qubit [Cr(ox)₃]³⁻ has been encapsulated inside the diamagnetic triple-stranded helicate [Zn₂L₃]⁴⁺ (L is a bis-pyrazolylpyridine ligand). The quantum coherence of the protected qubit is then analyzed with pulsed EPR spectroscopy and compared with the unprotected qubit, both in solution and in the solid state. Crucially, the spin–spin relaxation in the solid state has been examined within diamagnetic crystal lattices of the isostructural ([Al(ox)₃]@[Zn₂L₃])⁺ or [Al(ox)₃]^3- assemblies, respectively, doped with the Cr³⁺ qubit in two different (<10%) concentrations. The study unveils a surprising increase of the phase memory time of the qubit upon encapsulation only in the solid. Spin-lattice relaxation times also exhibit a significant enhancement, as established from inversion recovery pulse sequences and from slow relaxation of the magnetization of the protected qubit, not featured by the free qubit.